Rewriting Bangladesh’s Political Landscape: Tarique Rahman’s Rise to Prime Minister
On February 17, 2026, Bangladesh is witnessing a momentous political transition as Tarique Rahman, leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), is poised to be sworn in as the country’s Prime Minister following a decisive electoral victory. The ceremony in Dhaka marks a significant turning point in the nation’s recent history — one shaped by years of political strife, public protest, and shifting power balances. India’s Lok Sabha Speaker, Om Birla, will represent New Delhi at the event, reflecting regional diplomatic engagement with this new chapter in Bangladesh’s governance.
This article provides a comprehensive background to the developments leading up to Rahman’s swearing-in, explores the political dynamics at play, and analyzes the broader implications for Bangladesh and its region.
What Is Happening?
Tarique Rahman is set to become the Prime Minister of Bangladesh after his party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), secured a decisive parliamentary majority in the general elections held in February 2026. The formal oath-taking ceremony — where Rahman and members of his cabinet will be sworn in — is being conducted at the South Plaza of the Jatiya Sangsad Complex (Bangladesh’s Parliament building), breaking with past tradition by hosting the event outside the presidential residence.
Key Event Details
| Event | Details |
|---|---|
| What | Swearing-in of Tarique Rahman as Prime Minister |
| When | February 17, 2026 |
| Where | South Plaza, Jatiya Sangsad Complex, Dhaka |
| Administered by | President Mohammed Shahabuddin |
| India Representative | Om Birla, Speaker of Lok Sabha |
| Attendance | Senior officials from Maldives, Turkey, Sri Lanka; Pakistan and India’s PM absent |
| Political Majority | BNP-led coalition with over 200 seats in 300-member parliament |
How Did Bangladesh Get Here? Historical and Political Context
To understand the significance of this moment, it is essential to trace the political history and power struggles that have shaped Bangladesh’s modern landscape.
Political Rivalry: BNP vs. Awami League
Since its independence in 1971, Bangladesh’s political arena has been dominated by two major parties:
- Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) – Founded in 1978 by Ziaur Rahman, the party emerged with a platform of Bangladeshi nationalism and political pluralism. It has alternated in power with its rival party over decades.
- Awami League – Led for many years by Sheikh Hasina, one of the most influential figures in modern Bangladeshi politics and daughter of Bangladesh’s first leader, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Hasina’s tenure saw repeated electoral victories and extended periods of governance.
For much of the last two decades, the Awami League maintained a dominant position, led by Sheikh Hasina. However, its rule was marred by accusations of authoritarian governance, allegations of electoral manipulation, and growing social discontent.
Why the Change Now?
The 2024 Uprising
The catalyst for this shift came in 2024, when large-scale, youth-led protests erupted across Bangladesh. The demonstrations voiced opposition against perceived suppression of political freedoms, corruption, and declining economic conditions. After months of unrest, Sheikh Hasina’s government was eventually ousted, ushering in an interim administration and the possibility of the country’s first genuinely competitive elections in years.
Return From Exile
Tarique Rahman had been living in self-imposed exile in London for nearly 17 years, avoiding multiple corruption and violence-related convictions handed down during periods when his political faction was out of power. Following the downfall of the Awami League government, many of these convictions were overturned, enabling Rahman’s return to Bengali politics.
Upon his return in late 2025, Rahman campaigned on promises of political reform, stronger democratic institutions, economic revitalization, and anti-corruption measures — message themes that appealed to voters tired of entrenched political stalemates.
Who Is Tarique Rahman?
Born on November 20, 1967, Tarique Rahman is the son of Khaleda Zia, Bangladesh’s first female Prime Minister and long-time BNP chairperson. Rahman themselves never previously held public office, but was the de facto leader of the BNP for many years, guiding party strategy from behind the scenes.
His rise to the premiership is both a continuation of a well-entrenched political dynasty and a renewed opportunity to redefine the BNP’s role in Bangladesh. Supporters view him as a seasoned leader with international exposure and reformist inclinations, while critics point to his past controversies and previous legal troubles.
Electoral Dynamics: The 2026 Vote
The February 2026 elections are widely regarded as the most competitive electoral process in Bangladesh in decades. Authorities reported that the BNP-led alliance secured a commanding majority, winning well over 200 out of the 300 parliamentary seats. The party’s principal partner in parliament, the Islamist Jamaat-e-Islami, emerged as the second-largest bloc.
Meanwhile, the traditional rival Awami League was barred from contesting the elections, a decision rooted in the tumultuous transition following the 2024 protests and legal actions taken against its leadership. This exclusion reshaped electoral competition and ensured a stronger BNP position in parliament.
What Impact Does This Have on People and Society?
Domestic Implications
For many Bangladeshis, Rahman’s ascension represents a break from the status quo, offering hope for renewed governance priorities and reinvigorated democratic engagement. His supporters expect:
- Transparent governance reforms
- Improved electoral integrity
- Economic growth initiatives
- Reinstatement of civil liberties
However, there are also serious concerns among critics, including:
- Potential resurgence of dynastic politics
- Unresolved historical grievances
- Social polarization between urban and rural voters
- Concerns over minority rights and inclusion
The BNP’s handling of these expectations will likely shape public sentiment and institutional trust in the early months of Rahman’s government.
Regional and International Impact
Bangladesh plays a strategic role in South Asia, both economically and geopolitically. Rahman’s leadership is certain to influence regional diplomacy, especially with neighboring India, Pakistan, and Myanmar, as well as global partners like China and the United States.
India’s decision to send Om Birla, the Speaker of its lower house of parliament, reflects New Delhi’s interest in stable bilateral relations — even in the absence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the ceremony. Indian officials have emphasized their support for democratic processes in Bangladesh and continued cooperation on trade, security, and development.
Challenges Ahead
While Rahman’s victory marks a political milestone, his administration faces significant hurdles:
- Rebuilding Political Trust: Bangladesh’s polarized politics means bridging gaps between factions will be crucial.
- Economic Pressures: Addressing unemployment, inflation, and investment stagnation will test the new government’s capacity.
- Social Cohesion: Ensuring minority rights, reducing rural-urban disparities, and remedying past repressions remain ongoing tasks.
- Rebuilding Relations: Navigating diplomatic ties with neighbors — especially with geopolitical tensions simmering in South Asia — will require nuanced diplomacy.
What Happens Next?
Looking forward, the Rahman government will need to undertake key initiatives to shape its tenure and address both domestic and international expectations.
Short-Term Priorities
- Cabinet Formation and Policy Agenda: Establishing a competent and representative cabinet that reflects BNP’s reformist aspirations.
- Constitutional and Legal Reforms: Debates are already underway about proposed constitutional changes. How these are handled will shape governance and legislative frameworks.
- Economic Policy Framework: Immediate actions on economic stability, investment climate reforms, and social welfare programs will be vital.
Medium- and Long-Term Prospects
Over the longer period, the BNP under Rahman will need to:
- Strengthen democratic institutions through transparent elections and legislative accountability.
- Reconcile societal divisions and foster inclusive governance.
- Manage relations with neighboring states and global partners, balancing strategic interests and national sovereignty.
Conclusion
The swearing-in of Tarique Rahman as Bangladesh’s Prime Minister marks a new chapter in the nation’s political history — ending an era dominated by one party and opening space for renewed democratic experiment and governance priorities. While the journey ahead is fraught with challenges, this moment reflects deep shifts in public sentiment and the evolving aspirations of Bangladesh’s people.
For Bangladeshis and observers alike, the true measure of this transition will not simply be the ceremony in Dhaka on February 17, 2026, but how effectively Rahman’s leadership can translate electoral success into sustainable progress and national unity.